Spanish vocabulary and phrases

Spanish is the deepest lane on this site. 49 articles sit under it: the 500 phrases we wrote for a first month in a Spanish-speaking country, a page on the mistakes English speakers keep making, the statistics for the Spanish half of our corpus, and a long tail of themed lists that each take one situation or one word class and finish it.

Which one you open depends on why you are here. If you are about to land somewhere and need to function, the 500 is arranged in the order a day happens, so read from the top and stop when you have enough. If you are studying and want to know where the next month goes, the frequency pages rank words by how often our own corpus uses them. Most of the themed lists sit at A1 and A2, so a B2 reader will get more out of the frequency ladders and the statistics page than out of the vocabulary lists. Nothing here drills conjugation, and we have no plans to add that.

Where to start

  1. The 500 Spanish phrases you actually needthe list for a first month, in the order a day happens.
  2. Spanish mistakes English speakers makeread it before you use the list, so each trap catches you once.
  3. The most common Spanish words, ranked by how often you'll actually hear themthe ranking that decides what you learn first.
  4. How to order food in a Spanish restaurant: the scriptthe first situation most people have to get through in public.
  5. Spanish vocabulary, by the numberswhat the pair actually holds, level by level and theme by theme.

Start here

The pages we made for Spanish itself: the phrase list, the traps, and the numbers behind the pair.

Words and frequency

Which words to spend your time on, ranked from our own corpus.

How many words in Spanish? The word count by CEFR level

How many words in Spanish do you actually need? See the count by CEFR level, A1 to C2, and how the numbers compare.

The most common Spanish adjectives, in frequency order

The most common Spanish adjectives are bueno, malo, grande, pequeño, nuevo, and viejo. Corpus data ranks all 272 describing entries, A1 to C2, with audio.

The most common Spanish adverbs, and the -mente pattern

The most common Spanish adverbs mostly end in -mente: probablemente, finalmente, especialmente. See all 30 corpus-ranked B1 adverbs, with audio.

The most common Spanish nouns, ranked by frequency

The most common Spanish nouns are libro, teléfono, llave, and taza. See all 73 corpus-ranked object nouns, A1 to A2, each with audio.

The most common Spanish words, ranked by how often you'll actually hear them

The most common Spanish words are the workhorses: ser, estar, tener, hacer, ir, plus yo, tú, sí, and no. Hear 20 with audio.

The Spanish verbs you'll actually use: the high-frequency core

The most common Spanish verbs are ser, estar, tener, hacer, ir, and poder. Corpus data ranks them all: 111 verbs at A1 down to 12 at C2, with native audio.

Which Spanish words should you learn first at A2?

Which Spanish words to learn first at A2: abstract nouns already outrank verbs in Vocabcord's 625-phrase A2 corpus, each ranked with audio.

Which Spanish words should you learn first at B1?

Which Spanish words to learn first at B1: the reasoning verbs, abstract nouns and precision adjectives ranked from a 495-phrase B1 corpus, with audio.

Situations and themes

One situation or one theme per page, taken to the end of the list.

Animals in Spanish: from gato to depredador

Animals in Spanish start with gato, perro, and vaca at A1, then wild animals at A2 and precise words like nocturno and depredador at C2. With audio.

At the doctor in Spanish: how to say you're sick

At the doctor in Spanish: say you're sick, name a symptom, and book an appointment, with audio for every A1 health word.

Clothes in Spanish: la ropa, plus every clothing word by level

Clothes in Spanish is la ropa. See all 32 words by level, how to say I'm wearing a sweater and a coat, and audio on every word.

Common Spanish phrases you'll actually use, from first hello to real conversation

Common Spanish phrases grouped by situation: hola, por favor, gracias, no entiendo, ¿dónde está el baño? The survival core with audio, plus frequency data.

Daily routine in Spanish: rutina, chores, and waking up

Daily routine in Spanish runs on rutina, hacer for chores, and reflexive verbs like despertarse. Hear all 17 corpus words with audio.

Family in Spanish: the words for every relative

Family in Spanish reaches from madre and padre out to primos, with audio. Key rule: the masculine plural covers mixed groups, so los padres means parents.

Feelings in Spanish: the words for how you feel

Feelings in Spanish run on estar: estoy feliz, estoy triste, estoy cansado. See the words for happy, sad, scared, and more, graded A1 to C2, with audio.

Hobbies and free time in Spanish, with me gusta

Hobbies in Spanish start with afición and the verb gustar: me gusta el fútbol. See sports, games, and vacation words, with audio for every one.

How to greet people in Spanish: the 12 phrases to learn first (A1)

The 12 essential Spanish greetings, when to use each, and the buenos dias vs buenas tardes vs buenas noches rule, plus the lazy way to make them stick.

How to order food in a Spanish restaurant: the script

How to order food in a Spanish restaurant: a six-line script from pedir and para mí to la cuenta, por favor for the bill.

Jobs in Spanish: the words, and why the ending changes

Jobs in Spanish: ingeniero, abogado, camarero, and 11 more, with audio. Learn why most job titles change for gender and a few, like artista, never do.

Money in Spanish: budgeting, saving, borrowing and debt

Money in Spanish means gasto (expense), ahorros (savings), préstamo (loan) and deuda (debt). Learn 17 core words for budgets and banking, with audio.

Rooms of the house in Spanish, room by room

Rooms of the house in Spanish are habitación, dormitorio, cocina and baño. Plus la casa (home or house), and the furniture inside, with audio.

School in Spanish: classroom, homework, and exam words

School in Spanish: aula, deberes, examen, nota and 20 more classroom, homework, and grade words, with audio, from A1 basics to C2 academic terms.

Shopping in Spanish: prices, cash, and cards

Shopping in Spanish runs on precio (price), efectivo (cash), and tarjeta (card). Ask the price, pay, and get a discount, with 10 corpus words and audio.

Spanish at work: your first week

The Spanish for a first week in a Spanish-speaking job: arriving, the first meeting, email sign-offs, deadlines, the payslip, and when to drop usted.

Spanish body parts, and how to say what hurts

Spanish body parts with audio, plus the two traps: say what hurts with me duele la cabeza, and la mano is feminine despite the -o.

Spanish food and drink vocabulary for cafés

Spanish food and drink words from agua and pan to carne and helado, with audio, plus what un café gets you in Spain and when Spaniards actually eat.

Spanish for your first 48 hours in Spain

The Spanish for landing, the ride into town, a SIM, the first till, the broken heater, the late pharmacy, 112, and the day-two town hall visit.

Spanish travel vocabulary: places, directions, and getting around

Spanish travel vocabulary that carries you: tren, estación, aeropuerto, directions like izquierda and derecha, and the coger versus tomar trap for the bus.

Talking about the weather in Spanish: hace calor and the rest

Weather in Spanish runs on the verb hacer: hace calor, hace frío. The sky takes está nublado, rain takes llueve. Hear the core words with native audio.

Te quiero or te amo? How to say 'I love you' in Spanish

Te quiero is the everyday I love you in Spanish; te amo is heavier and more romantic. When to use each in Spain versus Latin America.

Transport or Transportation in Spanish: 19 words

Transport (and transportation) in Spanish is el transporte. Learn en coche, en tren, en avión and andando on foot, plus 19 more words with audio.

Reference

The closed systems: the calendar, the clock, the numbers, the word classes. Pages you look something up in.

Animals that start with every letter in Spanish (A to Z)

Animals that start with every letter in Spanish, A to Z: araña for A, ballena for B, zorro for Z, each list with its own audio.

Are months capitalized in Spanish? Capitalization rules for days, languages, and names

Capitalized in Spanish: the rule for months, days, languages, nationalities and titles, each with an audio example.

Colors in Spanish: the words, and how they agree with the noun

Colors in Spanish agree with their noun: rojo becomes roja, rojos, rojas; azul, verde, and gris change only for number. Every color comes with audio.

Days of the week in Spanish: lunes to domingo

Days of the week in Spanish: lunes, martes, miércoles, jueves, viernes, sábado, domingo. Hear each with audio; the week starts on lunes, not Sunday.

Essential Spanish verbs: ser vs estar, and the ones you use most

Essential Spanish verbs with audio: ser covers what things are, estar covers states, tener handles hunger and age, and -ar, -er, -ir sort the rest.

How to count in Spanish: numbers 0 to 100

Spanish numbers 0 to 100 with native audio: the teens and twenties are single words, plus the rules for uno, un, una and cien versus ciento.

Months in Spanish: enero to diciembre

Months in Spanish are enero, febrero, marzo, abril, mayo, junio, julio, agosto, septiembre, octubre, noviembre, diciembre. Hear each with audio.

Spanish conjunctions: y, o, pero, and porque

Spanish conjunctions start with y, o, pero, and porque. See the full list by level, from these basics to formal aunque and por lo tanto, with audio.

Spanish numbers to 1,000: the three rules that generate them all

Spanish numbers to 1,000 run on three rules: cien turns to ciento before a remainder, hundreds add -cientos with three irregulars, and mil never takes un.

Spanish prepositions: the 17 words you need

Spanish prepositions are con, sin, para, sobre, entre, and more. See all 17 words by level, with audio and real example sentences.

Spanish pronouns: yo, tú, él, and the rest

Spanish pronouns are yo, tú, él, ella, nosotros, and ellos, plus mi, tu, and su. Spanish often skips the subject pronoun entirely. Hear each with audio.

Spanish question words: qué, cuál, cómo, dónde and the rest, with audio

Spanish question words: qué (what), cuál (which), quién (who), cómo (how), dónde (where), cuándo (when), cuánto (how much), por qué (why). Hear each with audio.

Telling time in Spanish: qué hora es and the parts of the day

Tell the time in Spanish: ask ¿Qué hora es?, answer es la una for one o'clock or son las plus the number. Covers the parts of the day and the mañana trap.

The rest of the site

The six phrase lists share one page: The Vocabcord 500 says what they are, how they were written and how to cite them. The corpus statistics count all six pairs at once, and the methodology page explains how a phrase gets a level and a theme. Teachers can run a list as a scheme of work from the teachers page. Everything else we publish is on the blog.

If a translation, a level or a note on any of these pages is wrong, tell us on the support page. Corrections from people who live in the language are the only way this stays honest.